![]() The stroke volume is the product of VTI and area of the LVOT, as illustrated in Figure 1. It is easily calculated by measuring VTI (Velocity Time Integral), using pulsed wave Doppler, in the aortic valve. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole. Each method is discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. An overview of available methods follows. It is important to be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each method. These methods elucidate slightly different aspects of systolic function and their combined use allows for careful mapping of systolic function. Several echocardiographic measurements are available to assess left ventricular systolic function. Methods for assessing systolic function (contractile function)
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